洛陽廢氣洗滌塔的操作流程及工作原理

洛陽廢氣洗滌塔的操作流程及工作原理

一、洛陽廢氣洗滌塔的操作流程

洛陽廢氣洗滌塔屬兩相逆向(xiang)流(liu)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)。廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)從塔(ta)體(ti)(ti)下(xia)方進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)口沿切向(xiang)進入廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)，在(zai)(zai)通風(feng)機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)動力(li)作用(yong)下(xia)，迅速(su)(su)(su)充滿進氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)段(duan)(duan)空間，然后均勻地通過(guo)均流(liu)段(duan)(duan)上(shang)升到(dao)一級填(tian)料(liao)(liao)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)段(duan)(duan)。在(zai)(zai)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)上(shang)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)相中(zhong)(zhong)酸性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)與(yu)(yu)液(ye)相中(zhong)(zhong)堿性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質(zhi)發生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應。反(fan)應生(sheng)成物(wu)油（多數(shu)(shu)為(wei)可溶性(xing)(xing)鹽類）隨吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)液(ye)流(liu)入下(xia)部貯(zhu)液(ye)槽。未完(wan)全吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)繼(ji)續(xu)上(shang)升進入第一級噴(pen)淋段(duan)(duan)。在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)淋段(duan)(duan)中(zhong)(zhong)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)液(ye)從均布的(de)(de)(de)(de)噴(pen)嘴高速(su)(su)(su)噴(pen)出，形成無數(shu)(shu)細小霧(wu)滴與(yu)(yu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)充分混(hun)合、接觸、繼(ji)續(xu)發生(sheng)化(hua)(hua)學(xue)反(fan)應。然后酸性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)上(shang)升到(dao)二級填(tian)料(liao)(liao)段(duan)(duan)、噴(pen)淋段(duan)(duan)進行與(yu)(yu)一級類似的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。二級與(yu)(yu)一級噴(pen)嘴密度不(bu)同，噴(pen)液(ye)壓力(li)不(bu)同，吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)酸性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)濃度范圍也(ye)有所不(bu)同。在(zai)(zai)噴(pen)淋段(duan)(duan)及填(tian)料(liao)(liao)段(duan)(duan)兩相接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)也(ye)是材(cai)熱與(yu)(yu)傳質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)。通過(guo)控(kong)制廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)洗滌塔(ta)流(liu)速(su)(su)(su)與(yu)(yu)滯(zhi)貯(zhu)時間保證這一過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充分與(yu)(yu)穩定(ding)。對于某些化(hua)(hua)學(xue)活潑性(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)酸性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)，尚需在(zai)(zai)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)液(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)加入一定(ding)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)表面(mian)(mian)活性(xing)(xing)劑。塔(ta)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)上(shang)部是除霧(wu)段(duan)(duan)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)所夾帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)液(ye)霧(wu)滴在(zai)(zai)這里被清除下(xia)來(lai)，經過(guo)處理后的(de)(de)(de)(de)潔凈(jing)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)從廢(fei)(fei)(fei)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)吸(xi)(xi)收(shou)塔(ta)上(shang)端排氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管放入大(da)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。

河(he)北聚鼎(ding)玻璃(li)鋼有限(xian)公司洛陽廢氣洗滌塔工作原(yuan)理(li)：

二、洛陽廢氣洗滌塔的工作原理

氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)由離心通(tong)風(feng)機壓(ya)入(ru)(ru)或(huo)吸入(ru)(ru)進風(feng)段(duan)，再(zai)流動至(zhi)填料層，與(yu)噴淋(lin)(lin)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)接觸(chu)反(fan)應(ying)。根據氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)凈(jing)化(hua)情況(kuang)等各項指標(biao)，可(ke)(ke)以加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)第二級填料及噴淋(lin)(lin)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置，處(chu)理凈(jing)化(hua)后(hou)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通(tong)過除霧器(qi)(qi)(qi)排出。該洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)凈(jing)化(hua)效率高(gao)達95%，阻力損失小(xiao)能(neng)(neng)耗低，操(cao)作(zuo)穩定可(ke)(ke)靠適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)廣。滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)由塔(ta)(ta)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、塔(ta)(ta)板(ban)、再(zai)沸(fei)(fei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)組成(cheng)。在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中再(zai)沸(fei)(fei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)一般用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蒸(zheng)汽加熱(re)，冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)循環水(shui)導(dao)熱(re)。在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)前應(ying)建立平(ping)衡，即(ji)通(tong)入(ru)(ru)較純的(de)(de)產(chan)物(wu)(wu)組分(fen)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)蒸(zheng)汽和(he)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)水(shui)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)其蒸(zheng)發(fa)量和(he)回流量，使其能(neng)(neng)在(zai)(zai)塔(ta)(ta)板(ban)上(shang)積累一定厚度(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，當混合氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)組分(fen)通(tong)入(ru)(ru)時就能(neng)(neng)迅速起到洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中要(yao)控制好(hao)一個(ge)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)位(wei)，兩(liang)個(ge)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)和(he)兩(liang)個(ge)壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)等幾個(ge)要(yao)點(dian)。即(ji)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)位(wei)，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)進口(kou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，塔(ta)(ta)頂溫(wen)(wen)度(du)，塔(ta)(ta)間(jian)壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)（洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)進口(kou)壓(ya)力與(yu)塔(ta)(ta)頂壓(ya)力之差(cha)(cha)），冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)（塔(ta)(ta)頂與(yu)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)出口(kou)壓(ya)力之差(cha)(cha)）。一般來說，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)進口(kou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)越(yue)高(gao)越(yue)好(hao)，可(ke)(ke)以防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)雜質(zhi)(zhi)凝(ning)固或(huo)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)化(hua)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)進入(ru)(ru)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)，但(dan)是也不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)高(gao)，以防(fang)(fang)系統因(yin)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高(gao)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)易(yi)控制。控制溫(wen)(wen)度(du)的(de)(de)同時還需(xu)保證(zheng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)流速，即(ji)進口(kou)的(de)(de)壓(ya)力不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)太(tai)(tai)小(xiao)，以便(bian)粉(fen)塵能(neng)(neng)進入(ru)(ru)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)。混合氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)通(tong)入(ru)(ru)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)后(hou)，部分(fen)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)會(hui)(hui)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)成(cheng)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)而(er)(er)留在(zai)(zai)塔(ta)(ta)釜，調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)再(zai)沸(fei)(fei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)使液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)向上(shang)蒸(zheng)發(fa)，再(zai)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)使液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)回流至(zhi)塔(ta)(ta)板(ban)，形(xing)成(cheng)一個(ge)平(ping)衡。由于塔(ta)(ta)板(ban)上(shang)有一定厚度(du)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，所以洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)塔(ta)(ta)間(jian)會(hui)(hui)有一定壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)，調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)再(zai)沸(fei)(fei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)時應(ying)盡量使壓(ya)差(cha)(cha)保持恒定才能(neng)(neng)形(xing)成(cheng)一個(ge)平(ping)衡。調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)塔(ta)(ta)頂溫(wen)(wen)度(du)時應(ying)防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高(gao)而(er)(er)使雜質(zhi)(zhi)汽化(hua)或(huo)升華為氣(qi)(qi)(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)起洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，但(dan)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)也不(bu)(bu)宜(yi)過低，防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)產(chan)物(wu)(wu)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)冷(leng)(leng)凝(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)積液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)影響使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)注意以上(shang)要(yao)點(dian)的(de)(de)同時還需(xu)注意用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)再(zai)沸(fei)(fei)器(qi)(qi)(qi)調(diao)(diao)節(jie)(jie)洗(xi)(xi)(xi)滌(di)(di)塔(ta)(ta)的(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)位(wei)，為防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)塔(ta)(ta)釜液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中雜質(zhi)(zhi)濃度(du)過高(gao)產(chan)生沉淀，應(ying)使其緩(huan)慢上(shang)漲。

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